Lacto-N-neodifucohexaose II (LNnDFH II) in Glycobiology Research (CAS 62258-11-1)

Lacto-N-neodifucohexaose II (Lacto-N-neodifucohexaose II, referred to as Le^x hexa) is a shining pearl in the intersection of glycobiology and immunology. As a type of oligosaccharide antigen with precise structure and specific functions, it is not only an important biorecognition signal molecule in life, but also a core raw material for the development of a new generation of glycosylation-targeted drugs, vaccines and diagnostic reagents. Today, with the booming development of precision medicine and immunotherapy, Le^x hexa is becoming a key bridge between basic research and clinical translation with its unique biological functions.

Chemical Information

Chemical name: Lactose-N-sin-sin difluorohexaose II

Common name/abbreviation: Le^x hexa, LNnDFH II

Chemical formula: C₃₈H₆₅NO₂₉

Molecular weight: 999.912 g/mol

CAS number: 62258-11-1

Structural characteristics and biological significance

Le^x hexa is a highly branched complex oligosaccharide related to human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), and its structure contains important biological codes:

Precise spatial configuration: This molecule is a hexasaccharide structure, including a lactosamine core, fucose modification and specific glycosidic bond connection. This arrangement precisely constitutes a complete representation of the Lewis

Key immune recognition epitopes: Le^x antigen is a common carbohydrate epitope on cell surface glycosphingolipids and glycoproteins, which plays a central role in embryonic development, cell adhesion, signal transduction and immune regulation. It can serve as a ligand for selectins (such as E-selectin and P-selectin), mediating the initial adhesion of leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells, and is a key molecular basis of inflammatory response and tumor metastasis.

Main applications and outstanding advantages

1. Key tools for glycoimmunology and tumor immunotherapy research

Tumor-related antigen research: Le^x antigen is overexpressed in many malignant tumors (such as breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer) and is closely related to tumor progression, invasion and poor prognosis. Using high-purity Le^x hexa, it can be used to prepare specific antibodies and probes, or to study its interactions with receptors such as selectins and lectins, and to deeply analyze the tumor immune evasion mechanism.

Cancer vaccine development: Vaccines based on tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are the forefront of cancer immunotherapy. As a clear antigen unit, Le^x hexa can be used to synthesize glycoproteins, glycolipids or multivalent sugar cluster vaccines to stimulate the body to produce specific anti-tumor immune responses, and has broad clinical application prospects.

Immunomodulatory function analysis: The Le^x structure can be recognized by certain C-type lectin receptors (such as DC-SIGN), affecting the function of immune cells such as dendritic cells. Le^x hexa can be used to accurately study its regulatory role in innate immunity and acquired immunity.

2. Molecular basis of drug development for inflammatory diseases

Anti-inflammatory drug design and screening: Since Lex-selectin interaction is one of the initial steps of the inflammatory cascade, Lex hexa and its structural derivatives can be used as lead compounds to develop small molecules, oligosaccharides or glycomimetic drugs to competitively block leukocyte adhesion and treat various chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Mechanism of action study: Provide standardized ligand molecules for in-depth understanding of the molecular pathology of inflammation.

3. Research on the interaction between microbial infection and host

Pathogen recognition research: Certain pathogens (such as Helicobacter pylori and HIV) can use the Le^x structure on the host cell surface for adhesion and invasion. Le^x hexa can be used as a molecular tool to study pathogen-host interactions and facilitate the development of anti-infection strategies.

4. Diagnostic reagent development and biomarker exploration

Highly sensitive detection reagent: As a standard antigen, it can be used to develop detection methods such as ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry to accurately quantify the expression level of Le^x in tissues or body fluids and assist in the early diagnosis, classification, and prognosis monitoring of cancer.

Serological marker validation: The detection of anti-Le^x antibodies has potential value in the diagnosis of certain autoimmune diseases and cancers.

5. Cornerstone of glycochemistry and synthetic biology research

Chemoenzymatic synthesis template: Provides intermediates or references for the synthesis of more complex sugar chains.

Glycochip preparation: used to construct functional glycomics chips for high-throughput screening of proteins (lectins, antibodies, etc.) that interact with Le^x.

Conclusion

Lactose-N-N-fluorohexaose II (Le^x hexa) is much more than a complex sugar molecule. It is the key to decoding the communication codes between cells, a map to explore the mysteries of inflammation and cancer, and the cornerstone of developing the next generation of sugar-targeted therapeutic drugs and diagnostic technologies. From basic immune mechanism research to innovative drug discovery, from in vitro diagnostic reagent development to therapeutic vaccine design, Le^x hexa has demonstrated irreplaceable value.