Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt hydrate: the key nucleotide for nucleic acid synthesis 34369-07-8

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt hydrate is an important nucleotide derivative that plays a central role in biochemical research and pharmaceutical development. As the stable sodium salt form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), it is not only a direct carrier of cellular energy currency, but also an indispensable substrate or cofactor in RNA synthesis and various enzymatic reactions.

Chemical Information

Chemical name: Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt hydrate

Common name: Adenosine Impurity 9

Chemical formula: C₁₀H₁₉N₅NaO₁₄P₃

Molecular weight: 549.19 g/mol

CAS number: 34369-07-8

Category: Sugar Nucleotides

Structural features

This molecule uses adenosine as its basic skeleton. Its characteristic structure is that the 5'-position of its ribose part is connected to a triphosphate group, and it exists in the hydrated form of disodium salt:

High-energy phosphate bonds: The molecule contains two high-energy phosphoric anhydride bonds (usually expressed as α-β and β-γ bonds). The hydrolysis of these bonds releases a large amount of free energy and is the direct source of power that drives most energy-consuming biochemical reactions in cells.

Stable salt form: Exists in the form of disodium salt, which significantly improves the solubility and stability of the compound in aqueous solutions, making it easier to store, prepare and use in in vitro systems.

Multiple action sites: The adenosine base part can participate in specific hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, and is the recognition and binding site for many kinases, synthetases and ATP-binding proteins. The triphosphate chain has a strong negative charge and can form a complex with divalent cations such as magnesium ions, which is its active form as an enzyme substrate.

Main applications and advantages

Core reagents for bioenergetic metabolism research

As a universal carrier of intracellular energy transfer, this compound is an essential tool for studying energy-related processes such as cellular respiration, photosynthesis, muscle contraction, and active transport. In in vitro experiments, it provides substrates for various ATP-dependent enzymes (such as kinases, ATPases, and synthases) and is used for enzyme activity determination, kinetic analysis, and inhibitor screening.

Key substances for RNA synthesis and related quality control

In the process of biological transcription, ATP is one of the direct precursors for RNA polymerase to incorporate adenine nucleotides into nascent RNA chains. Therefore, this compound is one of the four basic nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) raw materials for the preparation of mRNA, RNA probes and other RNA molecules in in vitro transcription (IVT) systems. Its purity and stability are directly related to the transcription efficiency and the quality of the product RNA. As "Adenosine Impurity 9", it is often used in drug development for quality control of ATP-related raw materials or NTP for mRNA production, as a qualitative or quantitative impurity reference.

Important molecules in the study of signal transduction and cell function regulation

ATP and its derivatives can also serve as signaling molecules outside cells, regulating various physiological processes such as neurotransmission, immune response, vasodilation, etc. by acting on purinergic receptors (P2X and P2Y families). This compound can be used to study the activation mechanisms of these receptors, downstream pathways, and their role in related diseases.

Aids in diagnostic and biotechnology development

ATP-based bioluminescence (commonly used luciferase-luciferin system) is the gold standard for detecting cell viability, microbial contamination, and determining ATP concentration, and this compound serves as a key standard in such assays. In addition, in molecular biology technologies such as PCR and sequencing, ATP is also a common additive in certain enzyme mixtures to optimize reaction efficiency.

Conclusion

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt hydrate transcends its traditional recognition as a simple energy molecule and is a bridge compound connecting basic biochemistry, molecular biology and modern biomedical research and development. From driving the basic reactions of life, to ensuring the production quality of nucleic acid drugs, to revealing complex cell signaling networks, its application runs through many key links in the exploration and transformation of life sciences.

The above information is provided by the editor of KASONS and is for scientific research only.