Guanosine-5‘-triphosphate disodium salt—the core nucleotide carrier of cell signaling 56001-37-7
Guanosine-5'-triphosphate disodium salt, the stable sodium salt form of GTP, is one of the indispensable core molecules in living systems. As a key member of the purine nucleotide family, it is not only a substrate for RNA synthesis, but also a universal "fuel" and direct regulator of various life processes such as intracellular energy transfer, signal transduction, protein synthesis, and microtubule assembly. Its importance runs through all levels from basic metabolism to high-end biopharmaceutical research and development.
Guanosine-5'-triphosphate disodium salt, the stable sodium salt form of GTP, is one of the indispensable core molecules in living systems. As a key member of the purine nucleotide family, it is not only a substrate for RNA synthesis, but also a universal "fuel" and direct regulator of various life processes such as intracellular energy transfer, signal transduction, protein synthesis, and microtubule assembly. Its importance runs through all levels from basic metabolism to high-end biopharmaceutical research and development.
Chemical Information
Chemical name: Guanosine-5‘-triphosphate disodium salt
Common name: GTP disodium salt
Chemical formula: C10H17N5NaO14P3
Molecular weight: 547.18 g/mol
CAS number: 56001-37-7
Category: Sugar Nucleotides
Structural features
The structure of guanosine-5‘-triphosphate disodium salt provides the basis for its versatility:
High-energy phosphate bond: The molecule contains a guanosine unit and a triphosphate group connected in turn. The two phosphoric anhydride bonds (pyrophosphate bonds) at the end are high-energy bonds that release a large amount of free energy when hydrolyzed, providing driving force for biochemical reactions.
Signal recognition site: Its guanine base part is the specific recognition and binding site for various GTP-binding proteins (such as G proteins, Ras superfamily proteins, and translation elongation factors). These proteins precisely regulate cell signaling pathways by binding and hydrolyzing GTP, switching between "activated" and "inactivated" states.
Stable salt form: Provided in the form of disodium salt, which significantly improves water solubility and stability at room temperature, facilitating storage, transportation and application in various biochemical systems.
Main applications and advantages
1. Key reagents for cell biology and biochemistry research
Energy metabolism research: As a direct energy carrier in metabolic pathways such as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and gluconeogenesis, it is a core substrate for studying cellular energy balance and metabolic regulation.
Signal transduction research: It is an essential molecule for studying the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway and cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and other processes regulated by small G proteins. Used to analyze the activity of GTPase and the exchange cycle of GTP and GDP.
Protein synthesis: During translation, GTP provides energy for steps such as ribosome translocation and aminoacyl-tRNA transport. It is one of the key components of the in vitro cell-free protein synthesis system.
2. An important tool for molecular biology and enzymology research
RNA synthesis: In the in vitro transcription reaction, as one of the four ribonucleoside triphosphates (NTPs), it is the direct precursor substance for the synthesis of RNA chains.
Enzyme analysis: Many kinases, GTPases, synthases, etc. use GTP as a substrate or regulatory factor. High-purity GTP disodium salt is the basic raw material for enzyme kinetic studies, high-throughput drug screening and enzyme activity determination.
Study on microtubule dynamics: The polymerization and depolymerization process of tubulin needs to be driven by the hydrolysis of GTP. This molecule is a key reagent for studying cytoskeletal dynamics and developing microtubule-targeting drugs.
3. Cornerstone of biotechnology development and drug discovery
Diagnostic development: Based on changes in the activity of GTP-dependent enzymes (such as certain kinases), it can be used to develop biomarker detection methods for specific diseases.
Study on the mechanism of drug action: Functional studies of many drug targets (especially GPCR targets and small G proteins) rely on GTP/GDP cycle analysis. This product can be used to evaluate the agonistic or inhibitory activity of compounds on relevant signaling pathways.
Synthetic biology: When building artificial cells or complex metabolic pathways, GTP is a necessary system component to maintain the function of energy and signaling modules.
Conclusion
Guanosine-5‘-triphosphate disodium salt is a fundamental and powerful molecule whose role is deeply embedded in the core of cellular life activities. From driving a key signal transmission, to supporting a complete protein translation, to regulating the construction of cell morphology, its presence is everywhere. Today, with the deepening of life science research and the vigorous development of biomedical technology, high-purity, high-quality GTP disodium salt is not only a routine reserve in the laboratory, but also an indispensable partner for exploring the mysteries of life and developing innovative therapies. Its dual value in basic scientific research and translational applications continues to empower a wide range of fields from target discovery to drug screening.
The above information is provided by the editor of KASONS and is for scientific research only.